Repentance and examination
Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup.
SUSCopts describes preparation for Communion as true repentance from the heart and honest examination before receiving the Holy Body and Blood. The communicant asks where sin has wounded love for God, the Church, and neighbor, then comes to Christ with a contrite heart.
Examination should lead to hope, not despair. The faithful come because Christ heals, cleanses, and gives life.
Confession, reconciliation, and fasting
Preparation usually includes confession as directed by the priest, reconciliation with others, the Eucharistic fast, prayers before Communion, attention during the Liturgy, and a desire to turn away from sin. The priest may give more specific guidance based on the person’s life and struggles.
These practices belong together. Confession brings hidden wounds into the light. Reconciliation restores love. Fasting teaches the body to wait for Christ. Prayer turns the mind toward the gift being received.
The path for those entering the Church
For catechumens and inquirers, the desire for Communion should grow into the whole path of life in Christ. Preparation means learning the faith, praying with the Church, attending the Liturgy, and asking how a person is received into the sacramental life of the Church.